Chrysoberyl: a rare gemstone, its properties and varieties

Story. Origin

Chrysoberyl has been known to people for a long time. It was first mentioned four thousand years ago in the ancient Indian medical treatise Rasaraja Tarangini. It mentions a stone with a color similar to the color of bamboo leaves, with iridescence and shine reminiscent of a cat's eye.

Pliny described this stone as a variety of beryl. Later, the name “chrysoberyl” began to be used for it as an independent mineral.

The name chrysoberyl comes from the merger of the words: the Greek “chrysos” (“golden”), referring to its color, and “beryl”, referring to the content of beryllium.

A detailed description of this mineral was made at the end of the 18th century by the German geologist A. G. Werner, while in Brazil.

Minerologists have come to the conclusion that chrysoberyl is formed in rocks of mica schists, gneisses, granite, and granite pegmatites. The formation of this precious gem occurs under hydrothermal influence when beryllium combines with aluminum oxides.

Properties

Natural chrysoberyl is an uncut crystal containing beryllium and aluminum oxides with impurities of chromium and iron. The stone is transparent, with a glassy “greasy” sheen. It melts with great difficulty and does not dissolve in acids - jewelry made from it is amazingly resistant to almost any wearing conditions.

If the stone is colorless or yellow, it can easily be confused with white or yellow sapphire; the difference is revealed only by a refractometer - an instrument that measures the refractive index of light in a medium.

Description

Chrysoberyl is a highly transparent mineral, but it can also be translucent.

Colored in greenish and yellowish tones (all with a golden tint):

• golden yellow;
• greenish-yellow;
• emerald green;
• brownish-green;
• olive;
• bluish-green.

Occasionally, colorless specimens are found.

Sometimes a gem has a pattern of inclusions, dots, or stripes. It makes the stone unique.

Chrysoberyl has a glassy, ​​sometimes diamond-like luster.

What stones and metals is it compatible with?

Rare specimens are so valuable that combining them with other gems to increase the value of the product is pointless.

To make jewelry more attractive, jewelers use diamonds. The beauty of minerals complements each other and reveals itself even more. Stones in this combination sparkle and sparkle, and the jewelry is considered a masterpiece of jewelry art.

Chrysoberyls are set in gold or platinum. A precious stone deserves an appropriate setting.

Physicochemical characteristics

The mineral chrysoberyl is a beryllium aluminate.

• Chemical formula - BeAl2O4 .
• Impurities - Fe , Cr , Ti .
• Color - yellow, greenish-yellow, green, bluish-green, brownish-green, brown, sometimes colorless.
• The luster is glassy, ​​sometimes diamond-like.
• Transparency - transparent, translucent.
• Hardness - 8,5.
• Density - 3.5–3.84 g /cm3 .
• Fragility - fragile.
• Melting point - 1812–1880 oC .

The crystals are diamond-shaped and have rhombic-pyramidal symmetry. Their size is no more than 6 cm .

Sometimes there are stones with impurities of chromium, titanium or iron oxides. The presence of chromium increases the optical properties and strength of the stone, and therefore its value.

Physical properties of the mineral

The structure of a natural gem, as a rule, consists of small-tabular or short-prismatic crystals and their intergrowths. Externally, the stone often looks like a heart-shaped stone. The main physical properties of chrysoberyl are given in the table.

Also read: Pomegranate – the grain of the “Phoenician apple”

Varieties

Simple chrysoberyl is a transparent stone of green and brownish-green color. The mineral has two varieties:

• Alexandrite is capable of changing its color depending on the lighting: under artificial light, the emerald green gem becomes violet-red. Ural alexandrites are distinguished by their bluish-green color, while stones from Sri Lanka are rich olive green.
• Cymophane (Cat's Eye) is a golden-yellow and yellow-green variety of chrysoberyl. The bluish tint is especially visible on the edges. Some specimens exhibit asterism and shimmer. This gem is especially valued for the strength and brightness of the optical effect of a cat's eye. It comes from the play of light caught in small inclusions located in one direction. But it is visible only after cabochon cutting.

Description of the stone

Chrysoberyl is a stone that is considered a precious gem of the first order. Despite the fact that deposits are scattered throughout the world, the rock is mined in small quantities. This explains the high price of some of its varieties.

The mineral is a compound of beryl and aluminum oxides. The composition contains a number of other substances, depending on which the stones acquire different colors and optical effects.

Interestingly, chrysoberyl nuggets can look completely different. There are both transparent and opaque specimens of different shades.

The mineral is very hard. This complicates its cutting and explains the need for diamond grinding.

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Colors and types of mineral

Chrysoberyl has a fairly wide color palette. The following shades are found in the mines:

• golden;
• bluish green;
• green;
• brown-green;
• scarlet;
• violet;
• light brown;
• transparent;
• grey.

Gems are classified based on the optical effects they have:

1. Alexandrite. The rarest, most expensive type of chrysoberyl. Under different lighting, the stone is able to change color, usually from dark green to purple.
2. Tsimofan. Opaque or translucent specimens. Gems with a vertical highlight are often found. These are the stones that are called cat's eyes.
3. Simple chrysoberyls. Absolutely transparent gems, which, thanks to their glass shine and rich color palette, look attractive.

There are gems interspersed in the form of unusual patterns. They are also prized by jewelers.

Place of Birth

Chrysoberyl is found:

• in the form of inclusions in mica schists and granite rocks;
• in the form of growths in the voids of various stones;
• inside pegmatite veins (it is rarely found there).

The mineral is mined in the following countries:

• Madagascar;
• Sri Lanka;
• India;
• Myanmar;
• Australia;
• USA;
• Brazil;
• Russia (Ural deposits “Emerald Mines”, “Malyshevskoye”; as well as the Kamenno-Pavlovsky mine).

Chemical composition

Chemical theoretical composition: beryllium oxide (BeO) 19.8%, alumina (A12O3) 80.2%; impurities: iron oxide (Fe2O3) 3.5-6%, chromium oxide (Cr2O3) up to 0.4% (gives an emerald green color to the alexandrite gemstone). Alexandrites contain a small amount of Cr, which replaces Al. Al is also replaced by Fe 3+ (up to 6% Fe2O3). Complete series of solid solutions between Al, BeO4 and Cr2BeO4 were obtained under artificial conditions. Up to 50% Al atoms can also be replaced by Fe. It has been suggested that Cr and Fe preferentially occupy the AlII position, but according to electron paramagnetic resonance data, Fe atoms occupy the AlI position. In Al2BeO4, when heated (up to 1700°), 70% of the Al atoms can be replaced by V 3+ (cell parameters increase linearly). Presumably 60-65% of Al atoms in artificial chrysoberyl can be replaced by Ga. It is possible that Be is replaced by Fe2+. Ti noted in older analyzes is likely to be present as rutile inclusions.

Si, Mn, Zn, Co, K, Pb, V were determined spectroscopically. A significant (up to 0.1%) Sn content was noted in chrysoberyl from the Emerald Mines. Alexandrite from the Emerald Mines contains 0.0409% Ga and 0.0528% Sn, from Novello Climes (Southern Rhodesia) - 0.0283% Ga and 0.1575% Sn, from Kolsva (Sweden) - 0.0432% Ga (0 .06% GaaOs) and 0.0528% Sn.

Jewelry with chrysoberyl

Jewelers greatly value large examples of this gemstone. Crystals of blue-green and bluish-pink shades are often used to make jewelry.

In pendants, earrings, and medallions, alexandrite goes well with a gold frame.

Jewelers prefer to use Tsimofan (Cat's Eye) for inserts into rings and pendants. It is impossible to find two identical tsimofan stones.

More democratic jewelry - rings, rings, tiaras, hoops with chrysoberyl in combination with cubic zirconia, as well as with crystals of less transparency, but with a pattern.

Chrysoberyl deposits

Scientists claim that the formation of a gem in nature occurs as a result of hydrothermal influence on a mixture of beryllium and aluminum oxides. Gemstone deposits are formed in granite, gneisses and mica schists.

Chrysoberyl deposits are found throughout the world.

Chrysoberyl is found in deposits throughout the world, but deposits of this gemstone are small. Most gems are mined:

• in Brazil;
• in USA;
• in Sri Lanka;
• in Madagascar;
• in the Ural Mountains.

Medicinal properties

Chrysoberyl was of great importance for humans as a healing stone; this is also mentioned in the ancient Russian “Svyatoslav’s Collection”.

Lithotherapists also believe that the energy of the mineral contributes to the prevention and healing of many ailments.

When using a stone for treatment, you should not ignore the recommendations of your doctor.

The healing properties of chrysoberyl are manifested in the following:

• has a good effect on vision;
• helps get rid of shortness of breath;
• has a positive effect on skin diseases;
• accelerates the body's recovery after injuries and illnesses;
• cleanses the blood, improves blood circulation;
• calms down overly emotional people;
• has a beneficial effect on a person in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders.

Healing properties

The healing properties of chrysoberyl have been known for a very long time; they are mentioned in ancient Indian treatises on medicine. Modern lithotherapists generally agree with their ancient colleagues. In alternative healing, it is commonly believed that crystal can help with many health problems.

• Purple gems help people recover faster from traumatic brain injuries.
• Golden crystals help normalize cholesterol levels in the blood. They also improve the functioning of the liver, kidneys, pancreas and gall bladder.
• Lithotherapists often recommend looking at the gem every day for 10-15 minutes. This helps get rid of eye diseases, as well as nervousness and irritability.
• Alexandrite is a gem that has a beneficial effect on the blood. It is believed that it can help with anemia, anemia, and pressure surges.
• If you hang chrysoberyl over your bed, it will help cure insomnia, nightmares, and give you the strength to wake up in the morning.
• Women will appreciate the gem's ability to relieve pain associated with gynecological diseases. It helps pregnant women to bear and give birth to a healthy child.
• Regularly wearing a crystal strengthens the immune system. This is especially true during periods of seasonal epidemics of influenza and colds.
• Using the gem, you can cure male and female infertility. It also improves potency and relieves PMS pain in the fair sex.

There is an opinion that the healing properties of the chrysoberyl stone are only for those to whom it suits their zodiac sign. However, this is not entirely true. Astrological factors do not affect lithotherapy.

Important!

There is also a more dangerous misconception, according to which if you use the energy of stones, you do not need traditional medicine. In fact, gems and medications mutually enhance each other, allowing you to achieve a more lasting effect.

Magic properties

The Indians believed that the magic of chrysoberyl made the owner a seer and endowed him with the ability to understand the language of birds, animals and domestic animals.

In ancient times, people believed that if leaders - princes, kings, khans - had such crystals, then the gems protected not only them, but also their subjects. Esotericists also believe that the magical energy of the stone extends not only to the owner, but also to the people around him.

Some claim that the magic of chrysoberyl is so great that even photographs of it influence those around them.

The magical properties of chrysoberyl are manifested in the following:

• the stone helps to find peace of mind;
• strengthens family relationships;
• promotes success in business and career advancement;
• helps increase well-being;
• the owner of the mineral becomes more self-confident.

If a person feels discomfort from the jewelry (pressure, heaviness from it), this means that the stone is not suitable for him, and therefore will not be beneficial.

The role of a talisman or amulet can be performed by precious jewelry (crystals with a pattern are especially effective):

• If you wear it on your right hand, the magic of chrysoberyl will protect you from misfortunes, the negative impact of ill-wishers, and will prevent rash actions that can cause harm.
• If worn on the left hand, the gem will promote fortitude and prosperity.

A stone that has cracked in the setting or fallen out of it warns the owner about the depletion of energy. The gem has fulfilled its mission, and you should no longer wear it to avoid the opposite effect.

Talismans and amulets

Chrysoberyl has long been used by sorcerers as a seer stone. It is believed that it shows the future and is also able to change it, attracting love and money. Accordingly, lonely people should stock up on an amulet made from this gem to seek heartfelt affection or those experiencing financial difficulties to attract financial well-being.

In India, there is still a belief that chrysoberyl helps to understand the language of animals and birds, as well as to find mutual understanding even with predators. Therefore, people in professions who have close contact with animals or who go into the wild should acquire an amulet made from this gem.

A stone as a talisman will be useful:

• All kinds of businessmen, especially those related to trade. To attract profit, make successful deals and expand their business, they should get a gold or platinum ring with large chrysoberyl and wear it on their left hand.
• For men deprived of female attention, a ring with a cat's eye (cymophane) will help them attract it.
• Women in whose family there is no mutual understanding. The stone will help them understand their husband and children, as well as convey their position to their household and come to a compromise.
• To all kinds of intellectuals - scientists, researchers, teachers, writers and so on. The stone helps improve memory, sharpens the mind, makes a person smarter and more efficient in his activities.
• Anyone who needs special support and protection during this period of life. Chrysoberyl is a powerful amulet against all sorts of negative manifestations - spontaneous and directed, coming from outside or created by man himself.

Who is suitable according to their zodiac sign?

Chrysoberyl, according to astrologers, is very suitable for Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Cancer, Scorpio, Taurus.

The effect of this stone on the zodiac signs is as follows:

• Aries will help you find true friends and create families.
• Taurus will find peace of mind.
• Gemini self-confidence, career success, and restore peace of mind.
• Cancer will find peace of mind, be successful in business, find love, and develop intuition.
• Leo will have a healing effect.
• Virgo will increase self-esteem, which will contribute to success in business.
• Libra will be able to make dreams and ideas come true, and career success will appear.
• Scorpio will have good luck and good relationships will be established with others.
• Sagittarius find love and true friends.
• Capricorn will be able to concentrate intelligence and physical strength to achieve his goal.
• Pisces' mood and health will improve.
• for Aquarius (but its varieties are suitable for this sign).

A variety of chrysoberyl - alexandrite - is ideal for Scorpio, Gemini, Aries, Leo, Aquarius, Capricorn.

It is not recommended for Virgo, Sagittarius and Taurus.

Astrologers do not have a unanimous opinion about which zodiac sign is alexandrite’s favorite. In Europe it is considered the stone of Pisces, in America it is considered a sign of Scorpio, and in India it is associated with Gemini.

According to the horoscope, Tsimofan is considered a lucky stone for Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, Libra. Other zodiac signs can also use it as a talisman and amulet.

Description and meaning

Chrysoberyl has not gained wide popularity, unlike its varieties, known to everyone - cymophane (in other words, cat's eye) and alexandrite.

The mineral is classified as a transparent or semi-transparent gemstone. Most often, the stone forms flattened crystals or twins and tees of germination.

Exactly matching the chemical composition, chrysoberyl is colorless and pure. It has not gained much popularity because it cannot compete with diamond and zircon.

A variety called “cat’s eye”, which has a unique refraction of light, is of great value. The stone is of great importance.

It represents the joy of life, light and mystery. A person wearing a product with a stone feels a pulsation of energy and a thirst for life inside.

How to wear and care

Jewelry with chrysoberyl should not be worn constantly. Having put them on in the morning, it is advisable to take them off in the evening.

Some believe that alexandrite can bring bad luck to married women. But it is believed that if you wear it in pairs (a ring and pendant set, earrings, etc.), then there will be no harm from the gem.

It is imperative to remove jewelry before cleaning and other household chores, as well as before cosmetic procedures, taking a bath, or going to the pool.

To cleanse the mineral of negative energy, it is recommended to periodically keep it under running water.

Caring for chrysoberyl jewelry does not require much effort:

• They need to be stored in a cool room, in an opaque box or casket (preferably separate, so that other stones do not affect chrysoberyl).
• Stones should be cleaned regularly with warm soapy water. Then you need to rinse with clean water, wipe dry and polish with a soft cloth.

Caring for Chrysoberyl Jewelry

In order to preserve the bewitching charm of chrysoberyl jewelry for a long time, you need to properly care for them, carrying out weekly preventive maintenance against aging and tarnishing. Caring for your jewelry does not require much effort.

Products made from alexandrite and cymophane should be stored in a cool room away from a light source in a special box or box wrapped in soft cloth. The product is cleaned by placing it in a bowl with warm soapy water for 20 minutes. Then it should be wiped dry and polished with a soft cloth.

Jewelry with chrysoberyl stone should not be worn constantly. Having put them on in the morning, it is advisable to take them off in the evening and it is strictly forbidden to do household chores in them, protecting the jewelry from damage from harmful mixtures.

How to distinguish from a fake

In addition to natural chrysoberyl, artificial chrysoberyl can be sold, obtained by fusing calcium carbonate with beryllium and aluminum oxides and boric acid. Synthesized jewelry is produced in large quantities today.

If you want to buy real chrysoberyl, you need to remember its characteristics.

Features of natural stones

• The natural mineral heats up slowly in the hand, unlike imitation glass or plastic.
• Chrysoberyl is very hard. If you run it across the glass, it will leave a scratch.
• The natural mineral has inclusions and microcracks - all of this can be seen through a magnifying glass.

Varieties of chrysoberyl have a glowing effect:

• Alexandrite has the ability of a chameleon to change color: in daylight the stone is green, and in artificial light it is cherry-red or violet-red. The color reverses of real and artificial alexandrite, as well as green sapphire, are very similar, so only a gemologist can accurately determine the authenticity of alexandrite. If the alexandrite is more than 6 mm in diameter , it is most likely a fake.
• Tsimofane is a golden-yellow or yellow-green stone. After being cut into a cabochon, it has a silvery iridescent stripe. When the stone rotates, the strip is static. In the dark, the cymophane sparkles.

Properties of artificial stones

The physical properties of synthetic crystals differ from natural ones:

• there are no visible defects in synthetic minerals;
• transparency is ideal or there are artificial inclusions;
• the surface can be damaged by ordinary glass;
• imitation alexandrite (artificial corundum coated with vanadium) is colored blue-violet in sunlight, and becomes red-violet in artificial light.

A gem created by nature is an expensive product. If a stone is offered at a low price, it may be of artificial origin.

Chrysoberyl colors

The color palette of natural chrysoberyl is very diverse, it includes red, purple, brown and golden yellow, although the stone was named only according to the latter color variety. Colorless specimens are extremely rare. Also, chrysoberyl, which contains an admixture of chromium, is characterized by shades of green of varying saturation.

Price

Chrysoberyl is an expensive stone due to its rarity and beauty. Transparent crystals are especially expensive.

The price of chrysoberyl depends on:

• appearance;
• cutting difficulties;
• size;
• mining sites.

The cost of 1 carat of alexandrite is - 6000–20000 $.

For 1 carat of cymophane you will have to pay $5,000 (if the stone weighs 5 carats) and $12,000 (if the weight is 7 carats).

Cymofan price:

• premium quality - from 1150 to 3500 $ per carat ;
• top quality - from 800 to 6500 $ per carat ;
• lower quality - from 50 to 900 $ per carat .

Examples of prices in Russian online stores:

• chrysoberyl beads (bead size 2.5 x 1.5 - 4 x 3 mm, bead length 50 cm) - 14,500 rubles. ;
• bracelet made of gold with chrysoberyl (diameter 10.0–10.6 mm, on a 585 gold lock and with a 585 gold ball) - 6,204 rubles.

From the history

The stone has been known since ancient times

The first mention of chrysoberyl was found in one of the Indian medical works, written more than 4 thousand years ago. Even at the dawn of our era, Pliny (an ancient Roman writer) wrote about him. He mentioned it in his treatise “Natural History”, calling it a type of beryl.

Chrysoberyl was also known in Ancient Rus'. At that time this precious mineral was called berzat. At various times in the 18th-19th centuries, the mineral was also called chrysopal, aluminoberyl or prismatic corundum.

It received its modern name because of its shining honey color, from the word “chrysos” (Greek), which in translation sounds like “golden”.

Official recognition

The mineral is very rare. It was officially registered and described in 1790 by the German geologist-mineralogist Abraham Werner.

Now chrysoberyls adorn the collections of museums and collectors around the world. The most famous specimen is a 45-carat yellow-green crystal that previously belonged to Henry Hope (a creditor to influential people), after whom “Hope” was named.

They are also used for decorations, but not often. Because they cost like diamonds and zircons, but in appearance they cannot always compete with these luxurious crystals.

Decorations

Product types and cuts

Jewelry with chrysoberyl is suitable for everyone, regardless of age and gender. Most often, various pendants, medallions, earrings, and rings are made with it. Gold frame is preferred. It is advisable to wear such jewelry only during the day and take it off at night.

The cut of chrysoberyl depends on its type. Most often it is given an oval or rectangular shape. Alexandrite is usually cut into a circle or oval. Cat's eyes are processed using the cabochon technique. This cut emphasizes the unusual light effect of the stone. For a detailed description of the mineral, read the article “Cat's eye stone: properties and who is suitable for it.”

You cannot wear jewelry with a stone if it has cracked. Such a crystal will have a negative effect.

Cost and combination with other minerals

Chrysoberyl costs on average about 6,000 rubles per carat. The price of exclusive stones can be many times higher.

The most expensive and rare type of mineral is the cat's eye. The price tag for a 5-carat crystal can reach up to $25,000. Five-carat alexandrite costs from 600 to 20,000.

Due to the fact that chrysoberyl is a very rare stone, it is often combined with other minerals in jewelry. Looks good together with peridot, cubic zirconia, zirconium, ruby, emerald, garnet or diamond.

Care

Jewelry with chrysoberyl should be stored in separate boxes. Stones must be removed before cleaning, gardening, water and cosmetic procedures.

Once every 3-6 months, the gem should be washed in water with the addition of mild soap and a drop of ammonia. After cleansing, dry with a delicate cloth. Periodically rinse the stone under running water to wash away negative energy.

Healing properties of the gem

The mineral has a number of healing properties, among which are the following:

• enhances the body’s ability to self-heal;
• normalizes adrenaline and cholesterol levels;
• strengthens the chest muscles;
• has a beneficial effect on liver function;
• copes with skin pathologies.

People who practice Tibetan and Indian medicine believe that chrysoberyls have powerful projective energy, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart and circulatory system.

Since ancient times, stones have been used to heal various pathologies: disorders of the cardiovascular system, central and peripheral nervous systems. They also successfully treat infertility, inflammatory phenomena in the body, throat pathologies, colds and asthma, eye pathologies, mental illnesses, as well as cholelithiasis and acute cholecystitis.

An old Russian manuscript called “The Collection of Svyatoslav” mentions that chrysoberyls successfully cure scabies, leprosy, and act as a reliable amulet against drunkenness.

Application

High-quality chrysoberyl crystals are quite a rare find. However, the mineral itself is not considered particularly expensive, which cannot be said about its variety - alexandrite. Of particular importance in the jewelry industry are gems with pronounced asterism - an optical effect in which a star-shaped figure is observed on the surface of the stone.

Faceted chrysoberyl looks very impressive and beautiful. To fully reveal its beauty, craftsmen often process the stone with a cabochon.

Well-formed chrysoberyl crystals are clear and regular and are a collector's item. Sometimes the value of such specimens can reach more than one thousand dollars.

Combination with other stones

Rings and rings suggest a combination with zirconium and cubic zirconia in white gold. But it’s not so easy to find complements to rare chrysoberyl. Cat eye earrings may contain other gemstones up to a maximum of 2 carats. Due to similar coloring, one piece may combine the stone in question with peridot. Diamonds, emeralds, garnets and rubies are considered good company.

The healing power of the stone

The effect of a mineral on the body depends on its color:

• Violet crystals are indicated for headaches and concussions.
• Golden-yellow stones improve the condition of the lymph nodes, normalize cholesterol and adrenaline levels in the blood. They have a good effect on the liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys. Long contemplation of the stone calms the nerves and improves the condition of the eyes.
• A garnet-colored stone with an emerald tint has a beneficial effect on the circulatory system, normalizes blood pressure, and helps with varicose veins and anemia.

Regardless of the color, chrysoberyl helps to normalize the functioning of the cardiovascular system and improve the emotional state. Relieves nightmares, insomnia and depression. Helps in the fight against infertility and other “female” ailments. Treats respiratory diseases, relieves inflammation, helps with gallstone disease.

Areas of application of chrysoberyls

Chrysoberyl is a rather rare type of gemstone, which has always had increased popularity, especially minerals with the effect of a cat's eye. Cat's eye is not often used to make traditional jewelry, although its increased hardness is quite suitable for these purposes.

In cases where the composition of the stone exactly corresponds to its chemical formula, it is devoid of any color. Stones of this type are not very popular, since as a result of moderate light refraction and insignificant dispersion they are clearly inferior to diamonds, zircons and even white sapphires. On the contrary, minerals that have a well-developed effect of internal iridescent play of light (known as asterism) and which are processed in the form of cabochons are of high value.

Deposits and production

The rock is formed by double, triple germinations or crystals. The formations are quite extensive, but only in the presence of high alumina and low silicic acid content. Mining is carried out among dolomite and limestone rocks; the stones are inclusions on granite and mica schists. A gem can occupy the voids of other rocks, as if growing into it.

The main deposits where active mining work is underway are recorded in the following lands: Madagascar, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Ceylon, India, USA, Russia, China, Sri Lanka, Tanzania. Each deposit has a different shade of gemstones.