Sell ​​gold to a pawnshop: with or without return, purchase price

Any gold jewelry sold in a jewelry store, according to the state testing standard, must have a hallmark stamp on it.
The thing is that the sample gives the buyer an idea of ​​how much gold the alloy from which the product was made contains. For example, if a gold bracelet (optionally: ring, chain, earrings) has a hallmark of 585, this means that the jewelry was made of an alloy, one kilogram of which contains 585 grams of gold and 415 grams of impurities. But what if there is no hallmark on the gold bracelet? What is the reason for this phenomenon and is it worth purchasing the product without testing? Author's bracelet without hallmark

Will a pawnshop accept gold without hallmarks?

Certainly! Because there is no ban on handing over gold items without a sample. The pawnshop employee will determine the gold content in the alloy in front of you. But, if there are no precious stones on the jewelry, it will be assessed as scrap. The law does not provide restrictions for people purchasing such jewelry.

After purchasing jewelry without hallmarks, it will again be possible to sell it only after registration with a government organization that controls the compliance of jewelry and the hallmarks available on them.

Why know the product sample?

This information about the product is especially necessary for the owner who wants to sell the jewelry. If you take it to a pawnshop, they will definitely look at it and evaluate the value of the item. It is beneficial for the seller to prove a higher standard of the product in order to sell it at a higher price. But the appraiser at the pawnshop may underestimate the payment.

Before this, the product must be checked by the appraiser himself, especially if the sample is not indicated on it. Most often this happens at the expense of the owner of the jewelry who is interested in the process. To avoid this, it is enough to have a list of documents and all marks on the product. The analysis is carried out either using a special apparatus that calculates the sample by density, or using chemical reagents.

If the owner is interested in the information, but he does not intend to sell the item, then you can contact a jeweler’s workshop. It is impossible to determine the sample at home. If you go through the procedure with an expert, he will give you a notarized document, which will eliminate all questions in the future. The maximum that can be found out at home is the gold content in the jewelry, and also determine whether it consists of a precious metal or is it simply gilded.

Therefore, if any of your products are in doubt, it is better to check the sample to reassure yourself. If you discover a fake, you can sue the manufacturer and recover the difference in cost. If this is not possible, simply wear the item as a beautiful accessory and complement to your style.

Methods for testing gold

Greetings, Samodelkins!

This article is dedicated to gold. The story is this: the author of the YouTube channel “Fire TV” decided to buy gold on... Aliexpress.

The first thing that comes to mind is what kind of gold can be on Aliexpress. But if you take a closer look and read reviews about the product, it becomes clear that this seems to be quite real 24-karat gold leaf. Well, in general, to get rid of doubts, the author still ordered it and the parcel was delivered, now we’ll check whether it’s really possible to order real gold on Aliexpress and send it across the border, and at the same time we’ll check home methods for checking gold and its purity. So, the 585 sterling engagement ring will be tested:

Here is a gold chain forged by craftsmen in the 90s from dental crowns, cigarette foil and something else:

When the appraiser checked this chain, he said that it didn’t even reach the 500th sample. Next, let's check a small piece of a certain red chain very similar to gold:

Methods for confirming alloy composition

To officially confirm the authenticity of the product and its sample, a stamp is applied at factories. Branding patterns are present in every state. In Russia, too, there is a list of marks that are applied to the product. Every piece of jewelry made legally in a factory must have this sign. There are no excuses about the thickness and delicacy of the item, because the size of the mark is small, and in this case it is applied to the clasp of the product.

It can be quite difficult to see the mark in a store due to its size. Therefore, to verify the product, ask your consultant for a magnifying glass. A tenfold magnification usually helps determine the presence of an identification mark.

Recently, fake stamps have appeared. They can be forged, but the master bears criminal liability for this. Therefore, in order to avoid becoming a victim of a scammer, you should buy jewelry only from trusted factories and stores. It is better not to purchase products from a pawn shop or from private owners. Gold markets in Turkey, China, and India are also famous for counterfeit jewelry. And if you cannot do without a purchase, then before it you can conduct an independent examination confirming the authenticity of the item.

So, you should know which samples are certified at the state level. For gold: 375, 500, 583, 585, 750, 999. The latter is rarely used for jewelry, since gold is a soft metal and deforms from constant wear. The most common stamps are 585 and 750 samples.

If you see a hallmark, do not completely rule out the possibility of a fake. Recently, signs have begun to be applied independently. After you have seen the hallmark, but have forgotten what it should look like, pay attention to its imprint, the evenness of the numbers, and the clarity of the stamp. If it seems to you that the numbers are unequal in size, uneven, and the stamp itself looks vague, most likely this is a fake. A jeweler bears more responsibility for a counterfeit hallmark than for making jewelry without a mark at all.

Now they have started making marks using a laser. The stamp has a standard size and clarity. The process is completely harmless to the product, it is fast and highly accurate. This simplifies the identification procedure and also eliminates the possibility of manual forgery.

Determination of gold purity in a pawnshop

In order to sell precious metal without assay at a favorable price, you must trust only experts to determine the percentage of gold in the alloy. Work to verify the authenticity of gold is carried out only if the person handing over the jewelry has agreed to determine the sample.

The specialist carefully examines and checks the product and only then sets the price. In order to recognize the sample, a small cut is made with a needle file in the most inconspicuous area of ​​the decoration and acid reagents are applied.

How does a specialist determine the sample?

To sell gold without assay profitably, entrust the determination of the quality of the alloy to a pawnshop employee. It is important to remember that a specialist has the right to determine the percentage of gold in the alloy only with the permission of the owner of the jewelry.

Gold earrings from the brand “DEL'TA” (go to the SUNLIGHT catalog)

A neat undercut is made on the inside of the product, onto which special reagents are then applied. This procedure is necessary in order to determine what impurities and in what quantity are present in the decoration. Only after determining the sample can a pawnshop employee tell you the exact cost of the jewelry.

You can read more about determining the gold standard here.

Why is the sample not indicated?

There are still many products made of precious metals that do not indicate the fineness. There are many reasons for this phenomenon:

• The item is actually only a piece of jewelry, such as a piece of a watch, a piece of a chain or a bracelet. Such items remain with the owners after restoration. Consequently, it is impossible to find a sample on the remaining piece;
• The gold jewelry was made a long time ago;
• If the jewelry is severely mechanically damaged, the sample cannot be read;
• The decoration was melted down;
• Gold was purchased in another country. Not all foreign gold jewelry is hallmarked;
• Gold, which is used in medicine. Teeth crowns, which previously had little value, are now accepted in pawn shops. The strength of the crowns is such that the product is very difficult to deform. Consequently, many jewelers use gold from crowns as raw material for jewelry.

It happens that experts value gold jewelry in pawn shops without hallmarks at the same price as with hallmarks. First of all, appraisers look at the quality of the metal and its weight.

So, if you have gold without a specification and you urgently need to get a large sum of money, you can safely contact the “Your Capital” pawnshop. Any jewelry is accepted here. Specialists will adequately evaluate your collateral and issue a large loan.

When is gold without hallmark real?

Why might real gold not have hallmarks? The thing is that many master jewelers who sell handmade jewelry do not stamp their products with hallmarks, since they do not have a standard stamp for applying hallmarks. It is quite difficult to verify the authenticity of a piece of jewelry made by a master jeweler, so if a person takes the risk of buying a designer piece, then he should only take the manufacturer’s word for it.

What’s interesting is that the product can be taken to any pawnshop without testing. The thing is that when accepting any gold product as collateral, an expert appraiser in any case checks its authenticity, and this also applies to products with a hallmark. A specialist will not only confirm (refute) the authenticity of the metal, but will also accurately determine its sample.

Buying gold without purity is a risky step, since in this case no one can guarantee the authenticity of the jewelry to the buyer. To avoid purchasing fake gold jewelry, purchase it from a reputable jewelry store, but only if it is not located in Turkey, Thailand, China and Egypt. The thing is that in these countries fake gold is often sold, including that which has no purity.

How will the lack of hallmark affect the price of jewelry?

In some pawnshops, workers underestimate the price of gold items, explaining that there are many impurities in it. After all, they understand that the owners themselves will not be able to determine the gold content in the alloy.

It is recommended to show the jewelry to several experts at different pawn shops. And you definitely need to find a pawnshop where they accept gold on fair terms, so as not to encounter fraud.

So, now you know that you can take jewelry even without a stamp to a pawnshop. You just need to take it to a pawnshop where you won’t be deceived in the cost of the jewelry.

To do this, you can contact the Charoit pawnshop, which has fair prices. Experts working there will determine the gold content in the alloy in your presence and, depending on the price per gram of metal, will calculate the price of the product.

How does sample affect cost?

Depending on the grade of the metal, how much it will cost at a pawn shop varies. Most often, 585 gold is sold in jewelry stores. We accept such gold products at a cost of up to 2,550 rubles per gram (price at the time of publication of the article). In this case, the amount of the deposit or sale will also depend on the appearance of the product, as well as its artistic value. Another common option is 985 sample. The price of such metal can reach up to 3,100 rubles per gram. Most often, jewelry is made from this gold in India, Pakistan, Egypt and other southern countries. Therefore, if you brought a chain or ring from vacation, it is quite possible that they belong to this class of products. In order to better understand how the sample affects the value, you can familiarize yourself with the current appraisal rates at the City Pawnshop.

What determines the price of unassayed gold?

The price of gold without hallmark depends solely on the results of the examination. A free examination is advantageous offer for a client who has the opportunity to:

1. Get professional expert assessment.
2. Sell ​​unassembled gold at its real value. The store’s specialists monitor the jewelry market daily, which allows them to offer a price for the product, taking into account the expert’s opinion.
3. Save your own time and get objective information about your item. At the same time, the examination does not oblige the client to further cooperation.

Where can you donate unnecessary gold? This question often arises after the next inventory of a personal jewelry box, when in its depths you suddenly discover a forgotten single earring without a pair, a piece of chain or an old ring that you no longer want to wear. Simply throwing them away or giving them to children to play with is not an option - after all, this is gold, and even in an unusable form it costs quite a lot of money. But where can you sell an old gold item so as not to sell it cheap? The following five practical tips will help you decide the answer to this question. Option No. 1: jewelry workshops

Almost all jewelry workshops buy gold items, regardless of their condition.
For example, the purchase of gold in Moscow on fairly favorable terms is carried out by the Sapphire jewelry workshop. Similar offers can be easily found in other cities of Russia if you look hard enough. The advantage in this case will be that “jewelry shops” accept gold items in any condition, and therefore there will be no problem with handing over and receiving your money. The only condition is that you will need to have your passport with you. Option No. 2: pawnshop They
also accept gold here, but you should understand the specifics of the pawnshop: it does NOT buy gold, but issues a microloan against it.
In accordance with this, the price that the appraiser will offer for the gold item will be determined. If the appraiser decides that the product/decoration is being handed over for subsequent redemption, then he will set a good price, because the pawnshop will subsequently calculate its interest on this amount of money, and, it should be noted, quite a lot. If the appraiser comes to the conclusion that the gold is being handed over completely and will not be bought back, then he will offer the minimum amount for it, since the pawnshop will subsequently have to resell this product somewhere - for example, to the same jewelry workshops. Option number 3: banks
Banks can accept gold coins or bars, but with a number of nuances:

• The bank will never offer a good amount for gold;
• in case of the slightest damage to the product (scratches, microchips), the purchase price will be set to the minimum;
• VAT will be deducted from the transaction amount.

Option #4: private collectors

Collectors can also buy gold, but this applies only to a separate group of products: rare coins, commemorative watches, jewelry from a special series, and so on.
It’s definitely not possible to sell a broken earring or a chain you don’t like to a private collector. Option No. 5: Internet ads
Finally, you can simply try to sell your unwanted gold item via the Internet.
As a rule, people are very reluctant to buy gold items secondhand, because in this case there is no guarantee of the seller’s honesty, and it will be difficult to accurately determine the gold standard, but sometimes a buyer is found. The main thing is that it does not turn out to be some kind of scammer, after communicating with whom you will not be able to get money and you may lose gold. As a conclusion
, to sum up the above, the option of contacting a jewelry workshop seems to be the most optimal. However, depending on the characteristics of a particular situation, the other listed methods may be more profitable for the owner of gold, and therefore each person must make the final decision on this issue for himself. News site E-News.su | E-News.pro. When using materials, please post a backlink.

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Greetings! Investing in gold is much safer than in any other asset, since regardless of the exchange rate, it is valued all over the world. It is used in the jewelry, electrical and space industries, in the form of assets. The stability of the national currency depends on the gold reserves.

People use the precious metal as a store of capital and an investment that sooner or later has to be cashed out. I will tell you where to donate gold and how to get a decent payment in this article.

Content

Is it profitable to sell gold now?

Before selling jewelry, it is worth studying the market dynamics and choosing the right moment. This is especially true for bullion, OMC and coins, since their value changes every second along with the world gold rate.

You will have to analyze the market to get the maximum benefit. The cost of jewelry made from precious metals also depends on quotes, but to a lesser extent.

How much does gold cost and what does the price of the precious metal depend on?

The price of gold is constantly changing and depends on the following factors:

• volume of precious metal supplies to the world market,
• dollar exchange rate,
• investor interest,
• activity of state banks of developed countries,
• London Metal Exchange valuation.

In Russia, the cost of aurum is set by the Central Bank every working day after 10:00. Other banks are equal to it, only they add their own interest rates to the cost, which makes it more profitable to buy and sell it.

Gold rate set by the Central Bank for 1 gram:

Why is there no hallmark on the jewelry?

Just because your piece of jewelry does not have a stamp does not mean it is a fake or of poor quality. Most often this happens if:

• the decoration was melted down or restored due to breakage;
• only a fragment has been preserved, for example, the clasp or links on which the sample stood were lost;
• the item is ancient and was made so long ago that the mark was simply erased: this often happens with family jewelry;
• the jewelry was made by a private craftsman or you bought it abroad;
• gold belongs to the class of “medical” metals and dental crowns or dentures were made from it.

Perhaps there is no hallmark on the item if it was made by a jeweler.

Where are precious metals accepted: pros and cons of options

Gold acceptance is carried out by several types of organizations, as well as individuals. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages. Regardless of the chosen sales method, you need to carefully study all the offers of similar organizations and choose the most profitable one.

So, let's look at the possible options, their pros and cons.

Pawnshop

It is very easy to hand over jewelry to a pawnshop: you just need to have a passport and the jewelry itself. Establishments accept gold items of any shape and condition and do not require certificates. In addition, if you plan to return the property, the organization provides loans against collateral.

The downside is low prices per gram and high redemption rates.

Purchase

Institutions engaged in the resale of scrap gold to jewelry manufacturers and industrial organizations. The term “scrap” refers to precious metal products that have deteriorated, broken, or simply become unnecessary.

Those buyers accept not only whole jewelry, but also trimmings, parts of products, dental gold, things with unreadable marks, etc. If you sell an item, you can get the same amount for it at a pawnshop or lower.

Collectors

Alexander IvanovichPrivate collector with 4500+ coins and bonds in his personal collection. Knows the value of each of them today. Selling gold to a private person at a decent price can be very difficult. If the item does not have collectible or artistic value and is not in almost perfect condition, then a gram can be valued at one and a half times lower than the market value. And finding a buyer takes a lot of time.

Internet auctions

Unclaimed jewelry handed over or sold to a pawnshop goes to an online auction, where anyone over 18 years of age can participate in the auction. You can also call the pawnshop’s phone number or send a form by email.

Only interesting, exclusive items in excellent condition are included in the auction. Up to 15% commission is charged for participation.

Thrift stores selling gold

You can donate gold to organizations that purchase it under an agreement and place it in the jewelry catalog. The owner receives the money only after the item has been purchased. If the goods are not sold within the period specified in the contract, they are returned to the owner. The commission is 20%.

Banks

They only buy bars and coins, and at a lower price than they sell themselves. At the same time, the certificate and gold should not have significant damage (chips, scratches, tears, etc.), otherwise the price will decrease even more.

The bank may not accept gold purchased from another organization. And for transactions with precious metals, the owner will have to pay VAT on the transaction amount.

Scrap gold exchange

You can exchange old gold for new in many jewelry stores. All you have to do is choose the item you like and, if necessary, pay the required amount. Valuation of jewelry will take place at the value established in pawnshops, that is, lower than the gold rate in banks.

All hallmarks can be exchanged, as well as coins with 900 hallmarks. The assessment takes into account the weight of metal only, without stones.

Cost of melting gold

The cost of gold remelting ranges from 500-1000 rubles and takes 30-50 days. The price will be influenced by several factors:

• complexity of decoration,
• the amount of impurities in the metal (if the sample is low, then the alloy is first cleaned),
• final weight.

You can increase the mass of the finished product by adding gold in the workshop. Such a service will cost between 10,002,000 rubles, depending on the region.

Where do they put the gold from the pawnshop?

First of all, they sell unredeemed jewelry in the State Treasury of the National Bank and the State Repository of Precious Metals and Precious Stones of the Ministry of Finance. Only then are they handed over to processors and industrial institutions.

According to OKVED, these organizations do not have the right to sell jewelry, but they circumvent this law by opening related enterprises that process and repair gold items. Therefore, you can find used items for sale on the shelves of many offices.

Where to sell gold is more expensive and profitable

It all depends on the time frame within which the jewelry needs to be sold, the ultimate goals of the owner, and the region. In order to sell metal at a high price, you should take the choice of organization seriously, since certain types of jewelry are valued individually in different establishments.

In bullion

Lyudmila PesterevaOur most experienced investor in goldAsk a questionThe correct decision would be to sell the products to the bank where it was purchased. The weighing procedure takes place with the buyer, who can control the accuracy of determining the mass of the product (the discrepancy should not exceed 0.01 g).

Before selling, you should familiarize yourself with the rules established in the selected institution regarding the condition of the product.

In the form of jewelry

Earrings without a pair, deformed chains, broken rings and other unnecessary gold items can be taken to a pawnshop, jeweler or melted down.

Items of artistic and collectible value can be sold through auctions or sold to a private person.

Gold watch

Gold watches are expensive, they can be divided into several groups:

1. Copyright. They have a unique design and are best sold to collectors.
2. Pocket. If small mechanisms do not have historical value, then you can take them to a pawnshop, put them up at auction, or use the services of consignment stores.
3. Wrist. The most common. Sell ​​it to a pawn shop, consignment store or put it up for auction.
4. Rewards. They are produced in limited editions, so it is more profitable to sell to collectors.

In the form of scrap

Vsevolod Kozlovsky6 years in the jewelry business. Knows everything about samples and can identify a fake in 12 seconds. Almost any precious item can be turned in as scrap. Jewelers accept deformed jewelry, scratched, unmarked, even small fragments - gold is suitable for scrap in any condition.

There are several structures on the scrap buying market that accept precious items from the population on attractive terms:

• jewelry factories and factories,
• pawnshop,
• purchase points.

Golden coins

Gold coins, like wine, must be aged for years to return at a profit. Banks purchase items at a cost three times less than they sell, and collectors only charge high prices for items that have value.

You can use the services of an auction, but there is a risk of receiving a smaller amount than the owner expects.

Dental gold, crowns

You can donate your gold teeth to a pawnshop that specializes in purchasing such items. Prices are market prices and depend on the exchange rate for the 850 standard precious metal.

Before returning your gold items, you need to make inquiries and read reviews. Even in large cities of Russia, for example in St. Petersburg, prices in different establishments will differ.

In the form of antiques and other items of historical or artistic value

Antique items are items that have historical or artistic value and must be more than 50 years old (items that are 300 years old are considered antique).

To determine the value of such products, it is necessary that the person buying it has sufficient knowledge of the culture, social customs and fashion of the relevant era. It is worth selling such jewelry to collectors.

Will a pawnshop accept gold without hallmarks?

Good news - of course they will! There are no restrictions on donating gold without a sample; it can be accepted as scrap precious metal or as an independent decoration. A pawnshop specialist can determine the sample of your item on site.

If you take jewelry without precious stones to a pawnshop, you should be prepared for the gold to be valued as scrap.

So, it’s quite easy to hand over unassayed gold to a pawnshop. But there are several nuances that are worth knowing before going to an appraiser.

FAQ

Let's look at the questions that usually concern owners who want to donate jewelry. I will try to answer them as completely as possible.

How to protect yourself from scammers when selling gold

To avoid falling into the hands of scammers, you must use the services of only trusted workshops, pawnshops and stores. To obtain a jewelry license, these organizations are officially registered and operate under a certain code from the OKVED classifier.

Any deviation from the activities specified in the documentation will deprive the establishment of its license, and the owners will face legal proceedings.

Buying dental gold - who benefits from it?

Not all organizations agree to buy dental gold. Most often it is accepted as scrap, very cheaply, because the crowns are unsuitable for further use and do not have any artistic value. MosGosSkupka offers a favorable price for dental gold in Moscow.

Why are crowns made from 850 gold?

In those days when it was popular to wear gold teeth, it emphasized a person’s status. However, it was not possible to use pure metal due to its plasticity, so impurities were added for strength: silver, which also has antibacterial properties, and copper.

That is, the product contained a large amount of precious metal and at the same time was strong enough to withstand certain loads when worn.

Rules for buying teeth: why you shouldn’t take them to a pawnshop

In the presence of the owner, a specialist checks the dental gold for the amount of impurities and establishes the sample of the item using special reagents. If the client has not changed his mind, then after completing the check, the buyer fills out a form indicating the following information:

• date,
• weight,
• sample
• payment amount.

The owner is given money, the transaction is completed.

Pawnshops benefit precisely from the interest that the client pays for the returned item, and if he does not return for the item, then it is sold. Crowns cannot be reused, and the only solution is to sell them as scrap, that is, at a very low price. That’s why pawn shops buy dental gold cheaply.

Purchase price of gold crowns per 1 gram

The cost depends on where the items will be delivered. 850 standard in St. Petersburg is estimated at 19,002,200 rubles.

Reliable pawnshop: checking gold

There are many methods for testing gold - they all differ in degree of complexity, accuracy and price. There are metals that have physical properties similar to gold. One example is pyrite. This is a mineral with a characteristic metallic luster and golden color, and is essentially an alloy of sulfur and iron. Ordinary gold-plated copper also often acts as a substitute for gold.

In any serious pawnshop, the appraiser has professional tools and materials, including:

• magnifying glass;
• laboratory scales with an accuracy class of at least 3 or 4;
• calipers;
• calico;
• assay chemicals.

There are a large number of different chemical reagents. The rule is this: from 375 to 750 samples, acidic samples are used; up to the 600th standard, so-called chlorine gold is used; and potassium iodide is used to test alloys above the 800 standard.

How do they check gold in a pawnshop?

A step-by-step study of products is as follows:

• superficial inspection;
• cleaning with a tool;
• applying one of the types of reagent;
• final determination of the sample.

1. Inspection using a magnifying glass and other available means

. The specialist, first of all, pays attention to the imprint and stamps. A counterfeit is easily determined by the naked eye - curvature in symbols and numbers. Also, upon visual inspection, it is not difficult to identify jewelry and gilding. In addition, it is possible to determine whether a metal belongs to the group of high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade alloys.

2. Surface cleaning

. The surface can be smeared with dirt and dust, painted, bleached, treated with chemical compounds, so there is a need to clean a separate area of ​​the product. The cleaning procedure is carried out exclusively with the client’s permission. The following tools are used for this:

• all kinds of scrapers;
• finely cut files;
• files.

Stripping is carried out as carefully as possible, and, most importantly, in a remote place from the mark. If we are talking about a ring, bracelet, earring, then cleaning is done only from the inside.

3. Application of reagents

. An assay chemical is applied to the cleaned area. The drop is placed on the product carefully to prevent leakage in different directions. The presence of the chemical on the metal must be strictly controlled, otherwise inaccurate research results may be obtained. Finally, the drop is carefully soaked with calico or a napkin.

There are many different chemical reagents. And the duration of each person’s stay on the gold surface is strictly regulated:

• gold chloride – no more than twelve seconds;
• acid chemical reagent for the 375-585th and 750th samples - ten and twenty seconds, respectively;
• potassium iodide – from eight to twelve seconds.

4. Sample

. The surface of the material is carefully checked with reagents, sometimes several at once, and is confirmed by the tabular instructions.

Samples are tested according to the following scheme:

• gold and other alloys with a precious metal content of up to 60% are treated with gold chloride, and after the corresponding standard with a reagent;
• 750 gold is tested with a standard reagent, but to detect handicraft fakes, you can limit yourself to gold chloride;
• alloys with gold from 80% are tested with a solution of potassium iodide.

Description of samples and their reactions to chemical compounds:

• 375th sample - a greenish or brownish stain from chlorine is obtained, and the drop itself is completely transparent;
• 500th - the chlorine stain turns brown, and the very drop is transparent and clean;
• 585th - a golden or yellowish stain from chlorine, and a light brown stain from a standard chemical reagent;
• 750th – the stain is often absent or barely noticeable;
• The 750th sample of the so-called “white gold” is a bright brown spot;
• 800th - potassium iodide produces a dark, rich red stain;
• 900 and higher samples - a light red spot is obtained from a solution of potassium iodide.