Characteristics of white sapphire
White sapphire is a variety of corundum.
Leucosapphire is a type of transparent corundum. Conventionally, colorlessness occurs due to defects, which, however, do not reduce the jewelry value of the stone.
Unlike other corundums, leucosapphire does not contain impurities of iron, chromium and titanium. The gem is distinguished by its purity, transparency and high hardness. The minerals have a glassy luster and star-like effect.
Differences from diamond
The main disadvantage of leucosapphire is poor dispersion and low refractive index. Because of this, under a lamp or bright sunlight, the edges of the stone do not produce bunches of blue, red and green colors. On this basis, leucosapphire is distinguished from diamond. However, only specialists can detect the difference. Others won't notice the differences.
Physical and chemical properties
Sapphire is a hard corundum second only to diamond. The classic variety has a blue color, which appears due to impurities of iron and titanium in aluminum oxide. The presence of other impurities gives different shades. The stone can be either transparent or opaque. It has a high melting point (2040 degrees), does not solder and does not conduct electric current.
Formula | Al2O3 |
Color | The color range is varied, the most common is blue stone, there are also white, yellow, orange, pink, black, blue, gray and purple. May exhibit an asterism effect. |
Shine | Strong glass, mother of pearl |
Transparency | Various - from transparent to opaque |
Dispersion | 0,18 |
Hardness | 9 |
Cleavage | absent |
Kink | Uneven, conchoidal |
Density | 3.93-4.00 g/cm³ |
Melting temperature | 2040 degrees |
Molecular weight | 101,96 |
Specific gravity | 3,98-4,10 |
singonia | Trigonal |
Refractive index | 1,762-1,778 |
If sapphire is heated, it becomes colorless. But exposing the stone to X-rays, on the contrary, will make its color brighter and more saturated.
Synthetic leucosapphires
Synthetic leucosapphires are visually not inferior to natural ones, and sometimes even surpass them in quality. Artificial stones have fewer inclusions, so they are more transparent. However, synthetic gems do not have magical properties.
Synthetic leucosapphires are not inferior to natural ones.
They cannot be used as talismans or for medicinal purposes. It is impossible to distinguish artificial leucosapphire from natural one without the help of a specialist.
Prices for leucosapphire products
Good quality leucosapphire weighing 1-2 carats is estimated at $300 per carat. As the weight of the stone increases while maintaining ideal quality, its cost does not increase too much. Thus, a sample weighing 7 carats or more can be purchased for $1,250 per carat. A 10-carat leucosapphire is already valued at $2,000 per carat. Specimens weighing over 10 carats are very rare.
Medicinal properties
Previously, white corundum powder was used to treat syphilis, dysentery, heart pathologies and various inflammatory diseases. Sapphire dust was taken internally. Doctors believed that it also relieved people of mental disorders.
White sapphire helps improve your sleep cycle.
Nowadays, the stone is used to regulate the sleep-wake cycle and treat endocrine pathologies and asthma. Wearing white corundum improves a person's condition with circulatory disorders. The mineral relieves stomach pain. Thanks to it, metabolism is improved and kidney stones are less likely to occur. Jewelry lowers blood pressure and relieves muscle and joint pain.
Wearing the stone is recommended for people suffering from gynecological and genetic diseases. The mineral helps regulate hormonal levels. The Indians treated epilepsy, eczema and eye diseases with leucosapphire.
For the stone to exhibit healing properties, it must be worn as close to the skin as possible. It is advisable to keep the mineral near the problematic organ. For example, if you have heart problems, it is recommended to wear a pendant with leucosapphire.
APPLICATION
The use of minerals is not limited to jewelry.
They are used in various spheres of human activity as:
- cutting tool;
- scalpels for medical workers;
- laser parts;
- parts of optical instruments;
- sapphire crystals in expensive watches.
Healing properties
It is believed that each stone has its own energy, which affects the life of the owner.
- Lithotherapists of the 17th century characterized white sapphire as a stone that could positively influence the health and psychological state of a person.
- The mineral is ground into dust and taken as an anti-stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic medicine.
- “Oriental Diamond” is credited with the ability to stop bleeding.
- A positive effect has been noticed in the treatment of heart disease, syphilis, dysentery, nervous disorders, women's diseases and insomnia.
Magical properties and the Zodiac
Sapphire helps to gain prudence, prosperity, balance and tranquility.
- The stone protects lovers and reveals hidden talents.
- Improves memory, gets rid of enemies.
- Helps you get rid of indecision and achieve your goals.
- Ideal for ARIES, VIRGO, SAGITTARIUS and AQUARIUS.
- It is extremely undesirable for CAPRICORN to come into contact with the mineral.
Magic properties
Sapphire is able to help its owner:
- Clear your mind. The owner of the mineral manages to look at the situation impartially, from the outside. A person is no longer influenced by external circumstances, fatigue, poor health and other factors. He better sees details hidden from everyone and quickly finds a solution to the problem. Thanks to this, the wearer moves up the career ladder and learns new skills.
- Get rid of emotions. White corundums are the favorite stone of monks. They wear it to develop self-control. The stone helps to restrain your feelings and act rationally. This allows the owner not to commit rash acts.
- Deal with your inner world. By getting rid of emotions and negativity, a person begins to understand himself better. This helps to achieve harmony, remove complexes, obsessive thoughts, etc.
- Sharpen your intuition. Sapphire is considered the stone of seers. It develops the gift of foresight and helps to better understand the possible consequences of one’s actions. Thanks to this, a person makes the right decisions more often and better sees when others are lying to him.
- Improve memory. The wearer stops being distracted by unimportant details, so he concentrates better. It becomes easier for him to remember information.
- Realize talents. The owner is well aware of his strengths and weaknesses. It becomes easier for him to develop the former and work on the latter.
Sapphire can clear the mind and get rid of emotions.
Pure specimens without inclusions have the most powerful magical properties. Defective stones should not be worn. If there are cracks and cloudiness, the mineral will harm the owner. The most powerful are talismans received as a gift. However, you should be wary of jewelry that someone has previously worn. A discrepancy between the owners' energies can lead to the opposite effect: the gem will attract misfortune.
It is recommended to hold the stone under water before wearing it. This will help partially remove negative energy.
History (mythology)
Unfortunately, there are no stories that tell the story of the white sapphire. This may be because in ancient times it may have been mistaken for diamond or rock crystal, which were widely used in the ancient world. The term “sapphire” itself, without a prefix, is applied to blue stones. Other types of gems were called by two-word terms, the first part of which was the word “oriental”. So, the eastern amethyst was actually purple, the eastern emerald was green, the eastern topaz was yellow sapphires. Padparadsha was called the oriental ruby, and the pink sapphire was known as the unripe ruby.
Star sapphire was found under the name Asteria and was often referred to as the “Stone of Great Destiny.” Some cultures believed that the formation of three rays on the surface of a star nugget represented “Faith,” “Hope,” and “Destiny” (or “Destination”).
Although many subspecies of sapphire were known under other names, written sources testify to their use in Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Egypt and the Etruscans.
Who is suitable according to their zodiac sign?
Leucosapphire is a universal stone. Representatives of almost all zodiac signs can wear jewelry with it. In the worst case, the gem will turn out to be neutral and will do neither benefit nor harm. The only exception is Capricorn.
Capricorn
Capricorns are not recommended to wear leucosapphire, as the stone makes them colder and more calculating in their relationships with other people. Because of this, both those around him and the owner himself suffer. It becomes difficult for the latter to sincerely build relationships with friends and loved ones. Those around him cease to correctly understand Capricorn's intentions and begin to shun him.
The stone makes Capricorns cold in relationships.
Sagittarius
Sagittarians, under the influence of the stone, become more reasonable and stop committing rash acts. At the same time, the mineral does not drown out natural determination and courage. It becomes easier for Sagittarius to focus on important tasks and ignore minor obstacles in business. They spend less energy on worries and extraneous activities.
Taurus
With Taurus, the stone manifests itself neutrally. It does not bring any benefit to the representatives of the sign, but it does not harm either.
For Taurus, the stone is neutral.
Aquarius
Aquarians, when regularly wearing leucosapphire, become more confident. They gain the strength to accomplish their plans. Native speakers begin to fulfill long-standing plans and can learn a new hobby or profession.
Under the influence of the stone, it is easier for owners to reveal their talents.
Aries
Leucosapphire helps Aries learn to control their emotions. Carriers get rid of irritability and anger. They manage to improve relationships with people around them thanks to their prudence. Leucosapphire can act as a talisman: it protects Aries from accidents by reducing the desire for risk and adventurism. The stone will attract wealth to the home, saving the wearer from unnecessary expenses.
White sapphire protects Aries from accidents.
Cancer
Cancers who wear leucosapphire for a long time become more balanced. Their painful dependence on other people disappears. Openness appears. The native quickly makes new acquaintances. Corundum will not make an extrovert out of Cancer, but it will help overcome suspiciousness, shyness and complexes.
It will protect you from ill-wishers and prevent you from entering into unequal relationships. It will become easier for Cancer to refuse people and cut off contact if he feels discomfort.
a lion
For Leo, jewelry with leucosapphire is neutral.
White sapphire has no effect on Leo.
Twins
For Gemini, corundum will be a talisman of good luck. It will make the carrier more stable and will allow you not to switch to new tasks without completing the previous ones. It will be easier for the owner to build relationships with a permanent partner.
Financial stability will appear through professional growth and determination of priorities.
Scorpion
Scorpios, under the influence of leucosapphires, lose their desire for conflict. They are more willing to compromise, react less sharply to criticism and cool down faster after quarrels. Resentments are less easily imprinted in the memory of Scorpios, so they spend less energy on revenge and focus more on self-development. The carriers begin to correctly measure their strengths and stop overworking at work. There is less stress in their lives. The risk of developing mental illness is reduced.
Scorpios with white sapphire cease to be conflicting.
Virgo
Leucosapphire suppresses the negative traits of Virgo. Corundum fights excessive integrity, stubbornness and arrogance. Virgos become open and sociable.
It is more pleasant to communicate with the wearer of white sapphire, so he quickly acquires useful connections. Thanks to this, the stone also helps to find love.
Pisces and Libra
Leucosapphire brings good luck to Pisces. All circumstances are in favor of the owner of the jewelry. He is better at recognizing good moments for action. Libra, under the influence of the stone, acquires psycho-emotional stability. They become more purposeful.
White sapphire brings good luck to Pisces.
Basic quality parameters
The rule of four “Cs” for determining the value of a sapphire is based on the most important characteristics of the stone, the name of which in English sounds begins with this letter:
- Clarity;
- Colour;
- Cut;
- Carat weight.
In Russian, these words successively mean color, clarity, cut and weight (carat). The first two parameters are determined by the jeweler visually, that is, by eye. This uses a magnifying glass to increase visibility. For an experienced gemologist, tenfold magnification is enough to discern possible defects in the stone.
The main physical characteristics of sapphire include glassy luster, a hardness value of 9 units (Mohs), and the absence of cleavage in crystals. The latter indicator affects the appearance of the fracture. On the surface formed when the mineral is split, a shape similar to a bivalve mollusk shell is clearly visible.
In the article “Chemical formula of sapphire and its physical properties” you will find additional information.
White sapphire according to the dream book
There is no separate interpretation for leucosapphire. Regardless of color, the stone is associated with luck, peace and faith. The dream may foretell the achievement of any of these attributes. If you find a sapphire in a dream, this indicates the need to find yourself. If someone gave you a stone, expect that you will have a spiritual guide.
In some interpretations, sapphire is a warning about carelessness. According to the esoteric dream book, the stone is a harbinger of great love, which will only bring you mental anguish. The situation gets worse if you see a sapphire in a ring: feelings can become fatal.
Occasionally, a gem foretells winning the lottery. For unmarried girls, a dream with a stone warns them of the need to take a closer look at their chosen one.
Production (field)
Sapphires are formed during the metamorphism of rocks and minerals, which also occurs deep beneath the Earth's crust. Under extreme heat and pressure, rocks and minerals are broken down and transformed into liquid magma. During tectonic plate shifts, this molten magma cools, causing the minerals dissolved in it to recrystallize, ultimately causing the formation of colorful sapphires. White rocks, in particular, are formed by the metamorphic recrystallization of minerals dissolved in igneous rocks.
Large deposits of nuggets are located in Africa, Australia, China, Madagascar and Thailand.
Jewelry with white sapphire
Leucosapphires are most often given a flat, cylindrical or double hexagonal shape. Jewelers try to emphasize the white color of the mineral and the shine of its edges. When cutting, they try to hide natural defects. First of all, these are foreign inclusions. It is difficult to find jewelry with leucosapphires, since the stone is rarer than diamonds. In most cases, it is inserted into necklaces and earrings.
White sapphire is very popular.
Colors and varieties of sapphire
When talking about sapphire, they traditionally mean a blue stone - this is the most common type. But in nature there are several varieties of corundum, which jewelers also classify as sapphires, classifying them in a separate group “fancy”. They are divided by color, special properties, deposit and other characteristics.
Blue sapphire
A cornflower blue stone is considered ideal, but such representatives are few and are highly valued. More often, stones are darker or lighter blue in color with gray, greenish or yellowish hues. Any deviation from the ideal reduces the value of the gem.
White sapphire
White or colorless are called leucosapphires, which are pure aluminum oxide that does not contain impurities. Such stones are valued for their hardness. They are used not only in jewelry, but also in many branches of human activity - science, medicine, electronics, industry, and so on. White sapphire is also obtained synthetically or by heating a colored representative to a high temperature, which becomes discolored during heat treatment. This process is called corundum refining.
Blue sapphire
Blue sapphire is a rare Indian variety mined in Sri Lanka. They are quite expensive, so real stones of this color are almost never found on the open market. They are exhibited in museums and decorate the private collections of the richest people on the planet.
Yellow sapphire
Corundum turns yellow due to nickel impurities, the amount of which determines the richness of color and shade (from light yellow to orange). Despite its rarity, it costs less than its blue counterparts.
Black sapphire
Black is actually a very, very dark blue sapphire. It may be slightly transparent or not translucent at all. It is considered a masculine stone and is mostly used to decorate rings, cufflinks, men's watches, bracelets and tie pins.
Pink sapphire
The pink gem is the Indian counterpart of blue corundum in the deposit. It is just as rare and expensive. The stone looks amazingly tender and passionate at the same time. It is considered a symbol of love. If the groom gives the bride jewelry with a pink sapphire for her wedding, then their marriage will be happy, and their feelings will never fade away. The pink tint of the stone is given by an admixture of manganese.
Green sapphire
Green corundum is not actually green. That's just how he seems. A careful examination of the stone under a microscope reveals the truth - the crystal consists of a combination of yellow and blue colors, which, merging, give green. This is possible due to the presence of cobalt and magnesium in the mineral.
Purple sapphire
Purple sapphire is an exquisite rarity. It owes its color to vanadium impurities. Such crystals are found in Australia. It is sometimes called "Oriental Amethyst".
Alexandrite sapphire
Alexandrite corundums are light blue corundums that can change color when the light intensity changes. They can turn cornflower blue or dark blue, purple, black or even pink. This ability significantly increases the cost of these stones.
Star sapphire
A stunningly beautiful and mysterious star sapphire is distinguished by the presence of rays on its surface that diverge in different directions. This effect is called asterism. It appears in corundums due to the admixture of rutile. The effect is most noticeable on dark stones when cut as cabochons.
Kashmir sapphire
Kashmir sapphire gets its name from where it was mined. These stones are usually classified as a separate group, as they have a perfect blue color and are very rare and valuable.
Padparadscha
The Padparadscha sapphire is unique in its color. Orange, pink and red colors are combined in one stone. The gem is compared to a lotus flower or the sky at sunset. Natural padparadscha is very expensive. It has rare healing and magical properties.
Declassed sapphire
Sapphires that cannot be classified into any group based on color, structure, or the presence of defects are called declassed. They are artificially refined by filling voids, lightening by heat treatment or making the color more saturated by x-ray irradiation. Further, they are also used in jewelry, but they are much cheaper.
Foreign signs
If the sapphire is processed abroad, the purity marking of the stone on the tag will look different. For example, the smallest inclusions that are not visible to the normal eye are marked VVS. Slightly larger – VS.
Small bubbles and needles of rutile visible without instruments are designated by the letters SI, and inclusions that are clearly visible are designated by a single letter I. There is an innovation by American gemologists for absolutely transparent sapphires - IF. However, such stones do not exist in nature. A similar sign on the label indicates the artificial origin of the stone. The article “Difference between synthetic artificial sapphires and natural ones” deals with exactly this.
The concept of high-quality sapphire includes all of the above indicators together. A stone with 1/1 categories indicates extreme purity, deep blue color and is valued above others. But in the future, the cost depends on the size and quality of the cut.
To correctly assess the characteristics of a sapphire, it is advisable to use a magnifying glass when purchasing. It is difficult to determine advantages and disadvantages by eye.